watts



March 8 1927.

E. A. WATTS CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION FOR GAS ENGINES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 1. 1924 mxm N INVENT [INT/(g4 5 latented Mar. 8, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELMER A. WATTS, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE MILLER IMFRO'VED GAS ENGINE COMPANY, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION FOR GAS ENGINES.

Application filed December 1, 1924.

' My invention relates to a cylinder construction and in particular to a detachable liner therefor.

It is the object of my invention to provide a cylinder construction consisting of a cylinder casing and a detachable liner, together with means for retaining a cylinder head on the main casing of the engine without the splitting of the main casing or casting due to the expansion and contraction of the head.

It is a further object to provide an en gine in which the expansion of the liner may be suitably compensated for. It is an additional object to provide a liner which may be readily withdrawn from the interior of the cylinder casing.

It is an additional object to provide means for mounting a cylinder and valve head construction subjected to varying tempera tures and pressures on the main casing in conjunction with the liner forming the cylinder proper while still permitting of free circulating of cooling fluid around the liner inside the casing around the valves and the cylinder head.

It will be understood that my invention is particularly applicable to large engines where detachable heads and valve constructions and detachable liners are essential to the operation of the mechanism.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the engine casing with the cylinder head removed without the liner;

Figure 2 is an end elevation with the cylinder head removed showing the end of the liner and the water passageways between. the bridges formed on the head of the liner;

Figure 3 is a section through the cylinder liner and cylinder head showing the arrangement of the several parts as well as the main easing of the engine;

Figure 1 is an enlarged section showing the form of packing used between the cylinder head and the main casing; and

Figure 5 is a section showing the detail of the arrangement of the gland ring cylinder liner, and main casing.

Referring to the drawings in detail, 1 indicates the main casing or casting "composing the main frame of the cylinder and acting as the outer wall for the engine. This main casing is the backbone of the entire Serial No. 753,321.

engine and also serves as the outer wall for passageways for cooling the cylinder designated 2. At the rear of the cylinder is an integral ring 3 constituting the support for the shoulder 4 of the liner 5. The ring 3 is cut away to form a shoulder 6 for positioning the flange 7 of the gland ring 8 which is held on the liner by the bolts 9. Between the gland ring and the shoulder 6 is a packing or washer 11. This arrangement positions and holds in place the liner with respect to the main casing. The liner is spaced from the main casing by the ring 3 to form the water passageway 2. The main casing may be provided with a covered plate 12 held on the casing by the bolts 13.

The forward end of the main casing is an important portion of the engine because at this point in the past many fractures have occurred due to the improper mounting of the several parts one on the other and their attachment. It is obvious that it is essential to have some spring at the point of engagement for the bolts which hold the cylinder head in which is also found the valve cases because this head is subjected in an engine of the character disclosed to some 250 pounds pressure under high heats and varying temperatures. It is also necessary to circulate a cooling fluid from around the cylinder and around the valve casings.

It is further essential to have means of mounting the detachable liner in the main casing.

For this purpose the end of the main casing is enlarged as at 1 1 to receive the bolts 15 which attach the cylinder head 16. Adjacent these bolts are depending bosses 17 which extend downwardly and laterally forming a shoulder 18 which engages with the shoulder 19 of the cylinder liner 5. The forward end of this shoulder is cut away to form a second shoulder 20 for the reception of the ends of the wall 21 of the valve casing, which forms at this point a portion of the cylinder head and passageway for incoming fuel or gases making their exit. It is obvious that this cylinder head due to the varying temperatures applied to it and pressures will be subjected to considerable variation.

For this purpose a gasket 22 is interposed at 20 between the liner and the cylinder head 21. Elastic gaskets 23, preferably keystone in cross section, are provided between the enlarged heads 14 of the main casing and a cylinder head 16. These elastic gaskets are fitted in V-shaped cut away portions about one fourth inch deep designated 24. This packing in groove 24 presses against flat surface on part 14. There should however be an opening between the parts 14 and 16 so that full pressure is brought to bear on packing 20. The distance between parts 16 and 14 is approximately 1/64" when gasket 22 is fully compressed and the packing in the V-shaped groove as indicated at 24 is elastic enough due to peculiar design of this groove to make water tight joint, when expansion and contraction changes take place. It is customary to put the engine into operation with this connection between the main casing and the cylinder head released to care for a variation of ten to twelve thousandths during operation under the pressure and temperatures experienced in operating an engine like this.

It will be noted that the ribs 17 are directly opposite the bridges 26 which are formed as a part of the head of the cylinder liner. Between these bridges are gaps 27 for the passage of fluid which is used for cooling from the area 2 into the passageways 28 which constitute the passageways for receiving the fluid around the valve casing and cylinder head. i

I thus am able to secure great strength at the point of greatest strain adjacent the end of the main casing where the points of attachment come in the cylinder head. I am enabled to lock the cylinder head, valve casing, cylinder liner and main casing to one another by a series of easily removed bolts. The parts are sealed together with packing of a kind that readily accommodates itself to varying contractions and expansions of the several parts.

It will be understood that I desire to com prehend within my invention such changes and modifications as may be necessary to adapt it to varying conditions: of use.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is I 1. In an internal combustion engine, a main casing having an enlarged annular portion at one end extending inwardly and outwardly and having an outer broad, flat bearing surface, a plurality of inwardly extending depending ribs spaced from one another extending below the inner surface of said enlarged portion, a cylinder liner hav ing a flanged head and consisting of bridges with apertures therebetween projecting above the general level of the liner and adapted to engage with the inner wall of the enlarged portion of the main casing and the forward ends of the .ribs, the openings between the ribs and bridges being adapted to coincide,

and a cylinder head comprising an outer portion and an inner portion, said outer portion having a broad bearing surface with grooves therein, yielding packing members carried in said grooves and extending be yond them to abut against the bearing surface on the main casing, said inner portion of the head having a relatively broad bearing surface to engage the end of the cylinder liner, and a packing member between said head and said liner whereby expansion and contraction of the several parts may take place without danger of leakage.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a main casing having an enlarged annular portion at one end extending inwardly and outwardly and having an outer broad, fiat bearing surface, a plurality of inwardly extending depending ribs spaced from one another extending below the inner surface of said enlarged portion, a cylinder liner having a flanged head and consisting of bridges with apertures therebetween projecting above the general level of the liner and adapted to engage with the inner wall of the enlarged portion of the main casing and the forward ends of the ribs, the openings between the ribs and bridges being adapted to coincide, and a cylinder head comprising an outer portion and an inner portion, said outer portion having a broad bearing surface with grooves therein, resilient packing members carried in said grooves and extend ing beyond them to abutragainst the bearing surface on the main casing, said inner portion of the head having a relatively broad bearing surface to engage the end of the cylinder liner, and a packing member between said head and said liner whereby expansion and contraction of the several parts may take place without danger of leakage, bolts to retain said head in engagement with said casing and liner, a positioning rib adjacent the rear of the liner, and means for maintaining said liner in engagement with said rib.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a detachable cylinder head, said head and the end of said cylinder having arallel engaging faces, means to attach said cylinder and head to one another, annular sealing means keystone in section having ex-' posed projecting faces mounted in grooves in one of the abutting faces between said head and said cylinder adapted to resist the engagement of said faces and when compressed by the engagement of the faces being adapted to seal the joint therebetween and to yieldingly accommodate the expansion and contraction of the cylinder head and cylinder with respect to one another when differences in heat in the two parts bring about differences in rates of expansion.

In testimony whereof, I aiiix my signature.

ELMER A. WVATTS. 

